Human Capital Architecture and Dynamic Capabilities as Drivers of Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Sustainable superior position in global markets depends on internal capacity alignment. High performance human asset systems foster dynamic capabilities that enhance organizational responsiveness to environmental shifts. By cultivating unique workforce competencies, organizations build structural barriers against market competitors. Strategic alignment between talent development and long term goals optimizes operational efficiency and strengthens retention of valuable expertise. Intellectual capital, encompassing social and organizational knowledge, serves as the primary driver for continuous innovation. Structured succession planning and flexible work arrangements further ensure leadership continuity and operational resilience during market turbulence. Systemic human asset governance transforms individual skills into collective corporate wealth, securing enduring competitive advantage.
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Family Resilience in Economic Uncertainty: Household Adaptation Strategies from an Interdisciplinary Perspective
Economic uncertainty has become one of the most pervasive disruptions to household stability in various parts of the world, affecting not only the ability to meet daily needs but also shattering individuals' confidence in the continued well-being of themselves and their loved ones. This study aims to examine the diverse strategies employed by families to maintain stability during periods of economic hardship through the synthesis of perspectives from the fields of economics, psychology, sociology, and family studies. Drawing upon existing theoretical frameworks, this research reveals that household adaptation operates across two interconnected dimensions: the adjustment of material resources and the strengthening of relational bonds, values, and psychological resilience. The findings indicate that families engage in various adaptive behaviors, including expenditure prioritization, income diversification, asset utilization, the activation of social networks, and meaning-making processes that reframe hardship as manageable life challenges. This integrated perspective challenges narrow economic interpretations of household stability and demonstrates that effective support for families during economic crises must simultaneously encompass material and psychosocial dimensions. This research contributes to a more holistic understanding of family resilience and offers practical implications for policymakers and practitioners working with vulnerable households.
Microfinance Programs for Poor Communities and Their Association with Social Welfare
This literature study examines the relationship between microfinance programs and social welfare in poor communities through a systematic review of academic publications from 2005 to 2015. Using a qualitative literature review approach, the study synthesizes findings from various empirical studies to identify patterns of impact across multiple dimensions of social welfare, including economic outcomes, social capital, psychological well-being, and institutional access. The analysis reveals that microfinance can contribute positively to income generation and asset accumulation, particularly for recipients with adequate individual capacity and access to productive opportunities. Social and psychological dimensions show significant benefits through strengthened social networks, women's empowerment, and enhanced self-confidence, though risks of social pressure and psychological stress also emerge. Key mediating factors include individual capacity, social capital, and information access, while moderating factors encompass program characteristics, gender relations, and community conditions. Programs integrating financial services with mentoring, training, and other non-financial services demonstrate greater effectiveness compared to credit-only approaches. The study concludes that microfinance effectiveness depends substantially on program design aligned with recipient characteristics and local conditions. These findings have important implications for program design, evaluation methods, and policy development in microfinance for social welfare improvement.
Legal Protection for Children through Diversion Mechanism in Criminal Justice
This study analyzes the diversion policy in the juvenile criminal justice system based on Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and its implementation in judicial practice in Indonesia. A normative juridical approach is utilized through literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that diversion is the transfer of the settlement of juvenile cases from formal judicial channels to out-of-court settlement channels using a restorative justice approach. The implementation of diversion involves the police, prosecutors, judges, community advisors, as well as victims and their families. The application of diversion still faces obstacles in the form of a lack of understanding among law enforcement officials, weak inter-agency coordination, and limited victim support. Enhancing the capacity of law enforcement officials, strengthening coordination, and conducting public socialization are necessary to improve the effectiveness of the diversion policy as an instrument of legal protection for children.
Legal Status of Unregistered Marriage and Mixed Marriage in the Indonesian Legal System
This study analyzes the legal status of unrecorded marriages and mixed marriages within the Indonesian legal system, as well as the legal consequences of prenuptial agreements on marital property. A normative juridical approach is utilized through literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that marriage registration is a formal requirement that provides legal certainty for husband and wife as well as the children born from the marriage. Mixed marriages between Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals have the potential to cause the loss of citizenship for the Indonesian citizen party if efforts are not made to retain citizenship in accordance with statutory provisions. Marriage agreements must be made in writing and ratified by authorized officials to have binding legal force for the parties involved and third parties. An increase in public awareness and the strengthening of administrative systems are necessary to guarantee optimal legal protection for all citizens entering into marriage.
Interpretive Dynamics of Marriage Ratification in Indonesian Religious Court Practice
This study analyzes the legal status of marriage confirmation (itsbat nikah) within the national legal system, its regulation through the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), and its relationship with applicable laws and regulations. A normative juridical approach is utilized through literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that itsbat nikah is regulated in the Religious Courts Act, which limits its scope to marriages occurring before 1974, whereas the KHI expands its scope through Article 7 paragraph (3) for marriages in the context of divorce, loss of marriage certificates, doubts regarding validity requirements, and marriages without impediments. The KHI, enacted via a Presidential Instruction, holds a dilemmatic legal status as it is not part of the hierarchy of laws and regulations yet continues to be used as a guideline by judges. Judicial practice demonstrates an expansion of itsbat nikah that potentially opens loopholes for legal circumvention. Regulatory harmonization and judicial prudence in applying itsbat nikah provisions are necessary.
Financial Literacy Education and Social Welfare: A Literature Review on Relationships and Determinants of Effectiveness
Financial literacy education has emerged as a critical intervention for improving social welfare in an increasingly complex financial landscape. This qualitative literature study examines the mechanisms through which financial literacy education contributes to social welfare and identifies key components that determine its effectiveness. The analysis reveals that financial literacy education contributes to social welfare through cognitive enhancement, attitude transformation, behavioral change, risk reduction, and improved participation in formal financial systems. Effectiveness is determined by multiple interrelated components including relevant curriculum, participatory teaching methods, comprehensive evaluation, educator competence, supportive learning environments, adequate program duration, stakeholder engagement, adaptation to vulnerable groups, technology utilization, competency-based approaches, practical experiences, program sustainability, and long-term impact assessment. The findings demonstrate that financial literacy education functions as a transformative process requiring careful design and systematic implementation to achieve meaningful improvements in social welfare. The study concludes that investment in financial literacy education with attention to these key components yields significant returns in terms of individual financial well-being and broader social welfare outcomes. This research provides a conceptual framework for designing more effective financial literacy education programs and offers guidance for policymakers, educators, and practitioners in the field.
Validity of Special Power of Attorney and its Legal Consequences in Industrial Relations Dispute Proceedings
This study analyzes the criteria and validity requirements of a special power of attorney in industrial relations dispute cases based on the procedural law applicable in Indonesia, as well as the legal implications for a power of attorney that does not meet formal requirements. A normative juridical approach is utilized through literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that a special power of attorney must meet formal requirements consisting of specificity, designation of the competent court, identity of the parties, subject matter of the dispute, authority of the attorney-in-fact, date of issuance, and stamp duty. If these requirements are not met, the legal counsel loses legal standing, the lawsuit may be declared inadmissible, and all legal actions become invalid. The implications include delayed case resolution, increased costs, and reduced effectiveness of the principle of fast, simple, and low-cost justice. A good understanding by the parties and legal counsel regarding the formal requirements of a special power of attorney is necessary.
Application of Propriety and Fairness Principles in Breach of Contract Compensation Decisions
This study analyzes the factors that serve as the basis for judges' considerations in determining the form and amount of compensation resulting from breach of contract in civil cases, and examines judges' assessments of material and immaterial compensation. A normative juridical approach with an analytical descriptive specification is used through a literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that judges consider the form and level of breach of contract, the losses suffered as well as causal relationships, provisions in the agreement, legal certainty, and the principles of appropriateness and fairness. Material compensation requires proof of actual loss that can be calculated economically, while immaterial compensation is based on an assessment of appropriateness and fairness because it lacks a standardized calculation formula. Judges use the principle of ex aequo et bono in determining a proportional amount of compensation. Clearer legal certainty regarding the valuation standards for immaterial compensation is needed to prevent decision disparities.
Human Rights Protection through the Application of Ne Bis In Idem Principle in Civil Adjudication
This study analyzes the evidentiary obstacles in the application of the principle of Ne Bis In Idem in civil cases and its implications for legal certainty and the protection of human rights. A normative juridical approach with an analytical descriptive specification is used through a literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Ne Bis In Idem principle faces significant obstacles in proving the identity of the parties, the object of the dispute, and the basis of the claim. Changes in the composition of parties, changes in the administrative data of the object, and differences in the construction of legal arguments are often used to avoid the application of this principle. Administrative constraints in the form of limited access to old case archives also complicate the evidentiary process. These conditions have the potential to cause inconsistent decisions and weaken legal certainty. Strengthening the integrated case information system and increasing the capacity of judges in the substantial analysis of case identity are needed. Consistency of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence is required to provide guidelines for the optimal application of this principle.
Women's Education and Family Welfare: Empowerment as a Path to Social Change
This paper examines the relationship between women's education and family welfare through a qualitative literature study approach. The analysis synthesizes theoretical frameworks and empirical findings from education, gender studies, and social welfare. The findings reveal that women's education influences family welfare through multiple interconnected mechanisms including economic capacity enhancement, decision-making autonomy, health practices, childcare quality, social networks, value changes, time management, fertility reduction, adaptive capacity, mental health, political participation, and value transmission to subsequent generations. However, this influence does not occur automatically or uniformly. Various moderating and mediating factors affect the strength and direction of the relationship, such as education quality, socio-cultural environment, public policies, access to support services, employment opportunities, social support, macroeconomic conditions, partner's education level, individual characteristics, basic infrastructure availability, and gender norms. Understanding these mechanisms and influencing factors is essential for designing effective policies and programs that leverage women's education to improve family welfare. The paper contributes to theoretical development in education and social welfare while providing practical guidance for policymakers and practitioners.
Land Dispute Resolution through Litigation in the State Administrative Court and the Urgency of Establishing a Special Land Court
This research analyzes the constraints of land dispute resolution through litigation in the State Administrative Court and formulates the urgency of establishing a special land court. The normative juridical approach with descriptive analytical specification was employed through literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings reveal that bureaucratic reform in the State Administrative Court encounters significant obstacles including overlapping authority with the General Court, unclear absolute competence, and weak execution of final and binding decisions. Land disputes arising from infrastructure development and public interest conflicts further complicate the litigation process. The existence of multiple decisions regarding a single land object indicates the need for a special court with its own procedural law. The special land court is expected to adjudicate disputes comprehensively with a single binding and executable decision. Strengthening judicial institutions through the establishment of a special court represents a strategic measure to realize legal certainty, justice, and good governance.
Strengthening Mediation as an Instrument of Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System
This research examines the shift in Indonesian legal culture from a punitive orientation towards restorative justice and the urgency of mediation as an instrument for resolving criminal cases. The conventional criminal justice system, which is retributive in nature, is considered to have failed to provide substantive justice due to its convoluted processes, high costs, and neglect of victim recovery. Restorative justice offers a more humane and efficient approach through mediation involving victims, offenders, and the community. This research employs normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that restorative justice has been accommodated in various legal instruments, including Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021, and Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020. The implementation of restorative justice requires transformation in the attitudes of law enforcement officials, victims, offenders, and the community. This research concludes that restorative justice is an urgent necessity in the modern criminal justice system that is responsive to the values of substantive justice and humanity.
Audience Segmentation in Social Marketing to Enhance Behavioral Change Campaign Effectiveness
Social marketing campaigns often fail to achieve their behavioral change objectives because they treat audiences as homogeneous masses. This paper examines how audience segmentation contributes to campaign effectiveness through a qualitative literature study approach. The analysis synthesizes theoretical frameworks and empirical findings from social marketing, communication studies, and behavioral science. Four mechanisms explain segmentation's contribution to effectiveness: message relevance, resource allocation efficiency, channel selection optimization, and barrier identification. Effective segmentation requires quality data, analytical capacity, and organizational commitment to evidence-based practice. Ethical considerations demand that segmentation respects audience autonomy and avoids stigmatization. The findings suggest that segmentation functions as a strategic foundation that integrates all elements of the social marketing mix. Campaigns that implement segmentation properly show more significant behavioral outcomes compared to uniform approaches. The paper concludes that segmentation is not merely a technical activity but a fundamental strategic approach that enhances social marketing effectiveness. Practical implications include the need for capacity building in data collection and analysis, while future research should focus on developing practical segmentation tools for resource-constrained settings.
Application of Six Sigma Method for Product Quality Control Using Statistical Engineering Approach
This literature study examines the application of Six Sigma methodology with a statistical engineering approach for product quality control in manufacturing industries. Through a qualitative thematic synthesis of academic works and case studies, the analysis addresses two focal points. First, it explores how Six Sigma tools and techniques, including Statistical Process Control, Design of Experiments, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, are systematically used to identify production defects, analyze root causes, and design effective improvement solutions. Second, it investigates how Six Sigma implementation contributes to the overall improvement of corporate quality management systems, encompassing enhanced analytical capabilities, cultural transformation toward continuous improvement, integration with existing quality systems, and sustainable control mechanisms. The study concludes that Six Sigma is an effective framework for quality control that requires strong management commitment, organizational readiness, technical competence in statistics and process understanding, and effective change management for successful implementation. Case studies from various industries demonstrate significant improvements in product quality, operational efficiency, and cost reduction. The findings underscore the necessity of integrated approaches combining technical analysis with organizational development to realize the full potential of Six Sigma in improving corporate quality management systems.
Recognition of Electronic Signatures and Evidentiary Power of Digital Contracts in Indonesia
This research analyzes the validity of electronic contracts based on the requirements for a valid agreement under the Indonesian Civil Code and examines the evidentiary strength of electronic signatures and legal protection for parties in digital transactions in Indonesia. The research employs normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that the requirements for a valid agreement remain applicable to electronic contracts, yet the mechanisms for fulfilling these requirements have adapted to digital technology. Certified electronic signatures possess evidentiary strength equivalent to wet signatures, while uncertified electronic signatures have limited evidentiary power. Consumer protection in electronic contracts faces challenges due to the imbalance of bargaining positions and the dominance of standard clauses. This research recommends regulatory reform and jurisprudential development to ensure legal certainty in electronic contracts.
Work-Life Balance Among Married Information Technology Professionals: Experiences and Influencing Factors
This literature study examines the experience of work-life balance among married IT professionals with family responsibilities. Through a qualitative thematic synthesis of academic works, the analysis addresses two focal points. First, it explores how IT workers experience and manage the tension between professional demands and family obligations, identifying strategies such as temporal separation, compensation, rotational prioritization, and selective technology use. Second, it investigates the organizational and individual factors that facilitate or hinder the achievement of balance. The study concludes that work-life balance is not a static state but a dynamic process requiring continuous adaptation to changing work demands and family life stages. Facilitating factors include flexible organizational policies, supervisory and peer support, time management skills, and physical and mental health. Hindering factors encompass workplace culture that glorifies overtime, policy inconsistency, perfectionism, digital boundary difficulties, and economic constraints. The findings underscore the necessity of integrated approaches that address both individual capabilities and organizational structures to support the well-being of married IT professionals in achieving sustainable work-life balance.
Regulation of Electronic Data and Personal Data in Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law
This research analyzes the relationship between electronic data and personal data in law enforcement and examines the harmonization of regulations between the Personal Data Protection Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law in the context of seizing electronic evidence. This normative legal research employs statutory and conceptual approaches using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that electronic data and personal data are closely interconnected in law enforcement, yet pose significant privacy protection challenges, particularly in seizure procedures that often encompass irrelevant information. Fulfilling the authenticity, integrity, and reliability requirements for electronic evidence faces technical and legal obstacles. This research finds that implementing the principles of minimality, transparency, and accountability in seizing electronic evidence is essential to balance law enforcement needs with privacy rights protection. Harmonization among relevant laws still encounters legal gaps, including the lack of specific guidelines, weak oversight, and inadequate sanctions. Standardization of procedures, capacity building for law enforcement officers, and comprehensive technical guidelines are required to create a fair balance in the digital era.
Transformation of Social Solidarity Due to Rapid Urbanization in Urban Areas
This study examines the relationship between rapid urbanization and social cohesion in major Indian cities, focusing on the transformation of solidarity patterns and intergroup relations. Employing a qualitative literature review method, this research analyzes various scholarly sources to understand how urbanization affects the dynamics of social solidarity and identifies factors determining the success or failure of social cohesion maintenance. The findings reveal that urbanization in India has generated ambivalent outcomes: while it erodes traditional mechanical solidarity based on kinship and shared values, it also creates opportunities for new forms of solidarity grounded in common interests and civic engagement. Social cohesion is determined by multiple interrelated factors, including inclusive spatial planning policies, availability of quality public spaces, equitable access to public services, responsive local leadership, and active civil society organizations. No single factor can guarantee social cohesion; a comprehensive approach addressing all these dimensions simultaneously is essential. Cities that successfully manage diversity and social tensions demonstrate that urbanization does not inevitably lead to social disintegration, provided there is collective commitment to building inclusive and just urban environments. This research contributes to urban sociology theory and offers practical policy recommendations for sustainable urban development in diverse societies.
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The Finality of Acquittal in Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law
This study examines the finality of acquittal in Indonesian criminal procedure law following the enactment of the new Criminal Procedure Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana). An acquittal or vrijspraak is a verdict rendered when the public prosecutor fails to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This study aims to analyze the regulation of acquittal, its implications for legal remedies, and the transitional provisions governing cases during the period of legal transition. Employing normative legal research methodology with statutory, conceptual, and comparative law approaches, this study finds that the new Criminal Procedure Code introduces a paradigm shift by placing acquittal as a final decision that cannot be challenged through appeal or cassation, as reflected in Article 244 paragraph (4) and Article 299 paragraph (2). This study recommends the necessity of normative reinforcement through the revision of Article 244 of the new Criminal Procedure Code by explicitly incorporating a clause prohibiting appeal, as well as the active role of the Supreme Court in establishing consistent and binding interpretations through Supreme Court Regulations or jurisprudence, in order to ensure legal certainty and the just protection of defendants' rights.
Protection of Heirs’ Rights in Postoperative Patient Death Dispute: Hospital Liability and Proving Medical Negligence
Legal protection for heirs of postoperative patient deaths is a strategic issue that demands certainty, justice, and fair treatment from health institutions. This study explains on hospital liability, medical negligence mechanism, and heirs' rights restoration through normative juridical approach based on literature study. It found that hospital responsibility for the death of patients is affirmed by national regulations, clarifying the legal consequences that must be borne in the event of negligence or malpractice. The proof of the medical negligence is influenced by the quality of medical records, role of experts, and transparency level of health institution. Some barriers, such as limited access to documents and lack of hospital transparency, become the main challenge for heirs to defend their rights. Rights restoration is not only carried out via litigation, but also through non-litigation channels, mediation, and access to information and psychosocial services for victims' families. The results showed the need to strengthen independent audit and supervision systems, continuous legal education for health service actors, and access optimization to medical documents. Cross-sector collaboration and periodic regulatory updates are essential to ensure the optimal and adaptive protection of heirs’ rights in response to developments in health sector. Thus, public trust in health institutions and the quality of medical services can be significantly improved.
Copyright (c) 2024 Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Digital Detox and Resistance to Hyperconnectivity: Awareness of Negative Technology Impacts and Efforts to Limit Digital Device Usage
This study examines how certain members of society recognize negative consequences of excessive technology exposure and undertake deliberate efforts to limit digital device usage. Using a qualitative literature review method, this research synthesizes theoretical arguments from psychology, media sociology, and public health. Findings indicate that awareness emerges through boundary experiences such as digital fatigue, relational conflicts, or physical symptoms. This awareness is strengthened by exposure to alternative narratives about life without constant connectivity. Resistance to hyperconnectivity manifests in various digital detox strategies including gradual reduction, rule based restrictions, and temporary total cessation. Success depends on personality factors, initial motivation, social pressure, and availability of meaningful alternative activities. Failure often results from unrealistic expectations and all or nothing thinking patterns. Digital detox contains political dimensions as resistance against attention extraction business models and surveillance normalization. Restoring personal agency represents the most significant benefit of this practice.
The Integration of Ethics and Law in Medical Practice: The Urgency of Upholding Professional Discipline and the Theory of Legal Liability for Healthcare Professionals
The rapid development of modern medical science brings increasingly heavy ethical consequences for medical personnel. Every clinical decision is not only based on medical considerations but must also take into account ethical, legal, and social implications. This paper discusses the ethics of medical personnel, professional discipline violations based on Article 304 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and the theory of legal liability which encompasses three main forms: administrative (sanctions from the Professional Discipline Council), civil (compensation based on Article 1365 of the KUHPerdata), and criminal (Article 359 of the KUHP and Article 440 of the Health Law). The results of the discussion show that eight ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, justice, non-maleficence, veracity, fidelity, confidentiality, and accountability) serve as the primary foundation of professional medical practice; however, significant weaknesses still exist because professional and ethical standards have not been detailed comprehensively, potentially leading to multiple interpretations. Recommendations from the Professional Discipline Council are an absolute prerequisite before criminal proceedings begin, with a maximum resolution time limit of 14 working days.
Employees’ Perceptions of and Efforts to Adapt to Work-Life Balance in a Digitally Supported Workplace
Advances in digital technology have significantly transformed working methods and social interactions, thereby causing fundamental changes in the meaning and practice of work-life balance for employees. Technology that facilitates access to work outside of formal working hours and locations has created a situation where the boundaries between work and personal roles have become increasingly blurred. This research aims to explore how technological advancements change the definition and meaning of life balance for employees, as well as to understand the strategies they develop to maintain the boundaries between work and personal roles. The method used in this research is a literature study with a qualitative narrative approach that examines various scientific sources relevant to the topic of study. The results of the study indicate that the meaning of work-life balance has shifted from a concept of strict separation between the domains of work and personal life into a concept of integration that is adjusted to individual needs. The main finding of this study is that employees develop various adjustment strategies that are flexible and tailored to job characteristics, personal preferences, and available support from the work environment. The results of this study provide a contribution to the development of knowledge in the fields of organizational behavior and human resource management, as well as provide practical guidance for organizations in designing policies that support the work-life balance of employees in the digital era.
Legal Protection for Patients as Consumers of Healthcare Services: The System of Hospital Liability for Damages Resulting from Medical Treatment
This research aims to analyze the liability of hospitals for losses resulting from medical actions performed by doctors within the perspectives of health law, civil law, and consumer protection. The research method used is normative legal research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The analyzed legal materials include Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, the Indonesian Civil Code, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The results of the research show that hospital liability originates from three complementary legal regimes. Health regulation through Article 193 of the Health Law affirms the hospital's institutional responsibility for the negligence of medical personnel. Civil law through Articles 1365 to 1367 of Indonesian Civil Code provides the basis for compensation regarding unlawful acts, negligence, and the principle of vicarious liability. The Consumer Protection Law strengthens the patient's position as a consumer with rights to service safety, correct information, and compensation with a reversed burden of proof. This research concludes that the integration of these three legal regimes forms a multidimensional liability framework, encompassing civil, institutional-administrative, and consumer aspects. Consequently, hospitals are obliged to develop strict and accountable internal management systems, the government needs to strengthen supervision, and the public needs to increase awareness of their rights as patients.
The Influence of Green Human Resource Management on Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment Mediated by Green Employee Empowerment in Manufacturing Companies
This study aims to examine the effect of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) on Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment (OCBE) with Green Employee Empowerment as a mediator variable. The research method used was quantitative with an explanatory survey approach. The sample consisted of 126 permanent employees working in manufacturing companies in Surabaya, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through an online Likert-scale questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp groups for one week. The research instrument had been tested for validity and reliability with Cronbach's Alpha values for each variable above 0.86. Data analysis technique used path analysis with stepwise multiple regression approach and the Sobel test to confirm the significance of the mediation effect. The results showed that GHRM had a positive and significant effect on OCBE both directly and indirectly through Green Employee Empowerment. Green Employee Empowerment was proven to partially mediate the relationship between GHRM and OCBE with an indirect effect reaching 46.8 percent of the total effect. These findings indicate that employee empowerment is a key psychological mechanism explaining how GHRM practices are translated into voluntary pro-environmental behaviors in the workplace. This study recommends that companies not only implement GHRM practices procedurally but also actively create an environment that empowers employees to take green initiatives.
organizational citizenship behavior for the environment,
The Legal Relationship Between Patients and Healthcare Facilities: an Analysis of the Referral System, Standard Operating Procedures, and Agreements Under the 2023 Health Act
Healthcare is a fundamental human need, the fulfillment of which is guaranteed by the Health Law of 2023. This paper analyzes the national healthcare delivery system with a focus on the legal relationship between the patient and the healthcare facility, rather than solely with individual medical personnel. The discussion covers five forms of health efforts (promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative), the vertical, horizontal, and back-referral systems supported by integrated information technology, and standard operating procedures as guidelines for legal relations. The results of the analysis indicate that the legal relationship between the patient and the healthcare facility arises from an agreement that meets the four valid requirements of a contract according to the Indonesian Civil Code (KUH Perdata), namely competent legal subjects, consent regarding a specific matter, an object that does not contravene the law, and an agreement that refers to service standards and standard operating procedures. Consequently, the patient is no longer a passive object receiving services, but a legal subject with rights and a status equal to that of the healthcare facility.
Job Characteristics Based Work Redesign and its Influence on Team Performance Through Coordination and Collaboration
This conceptual study examines how job redesign based on individual job characteristics relates to team performance improvement through coordination, collaboration, and shared goal achievement. Findings reveal that interdependence level moderates this relationship, with high interdependence requiring simultaneous redesign approaches. Skill variety enhances team flexibility but needs deep specialization balance. Strong task identity at individual level can hinder collective identity, requiring redefinition at team level. Task significance motivates individual contribution yet collective significance matters more for collaboration. Individual autonomy often disrupts coordination, making team autonomy preferable. Individual feedback requires balance with team feedback to prevent destructive competition. Team cohesion and trust moderate redesign effectiveness, with cohesive teams tolerating higher variety and autonomy. Participative team leadership proves essential for translating redesign into collective performance. Continuous learning through regular reflection enables teams to adjust work design as environments change. Managers must map interdependence before redesigning team work and shift focus from individual to team level autonomy.
The Visum et Repertum in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System: a Review of the Dual Role of Doctors and Their Legal Obligations
The negative evidence system in Indonesian criminal procedure law requires a minimum of two valid pieces of evidence and the judge's conviction. This research aims to analyze the status of Visum et Repertum as evidence within that evidentiary system and to identify various challenges in its practical production and utilization. The method used is normative legal research with a qualitative descriptive approach through literature studies of statutory regulations, legal literature, and forensic medical doctrine. The results of the study show that Visum et Repertum is a valid piece of evidence because it falls under the category of expert testimony. Physicians fulfill a dual role as clinicians and forensic examiners, with a legal obligation to provide statements upon the request of investigators. Major obstacles include rushed production, the involvement of non-experts, and the refusal of victims' families regarding autopsies. Consequently, there is a need for competency enhancement of forensic doctors and continuous public education.
Collective Worker Resistance to Green Human Resource Management Policies: Differences in Age, Gender, Status, and Subculture Solidarity
This research examines collective resistance to Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) through the perspective of conflict sociology, focusing on differences in age, gender, and employment status, as well as subcultural solidarity mechanisms that reinforce rejection. This qualitative literature study utilizes a thematic analysis framework. Findings indicate that senior workers resist through organized apathy, middle aged workers through pragmatic calculation, and young workers through the contradiction between ecological values and personal autonomy. Male workers express rejection openly, while female workers utilize passive-aggressive strategies. Subcultural solidarity strengthens resistance through shared narratives, counter-knowledge, hidden spaces, coded language, social sanctions, humor, rituals, exploitation of system loopholes, external alliances, dispersed leadership, transformation of meaning, and continuous adaptation. Theoretical implications enrich GHRM literature with a conflict perspective, while practical implications offer guidance for management to design green policies that are responsive to workplace social dynamics.