Social Relationship Between Urban Living Characteristics and Social Determinants of Population Health
Kata Kunci:
urban environment, social determinants, population health, city planning, environmental exposureAbstrak
Urban residence exposes populations to environmental conditions that differ fundamentally from rural settings. Air pollution, noise, heat islands, and limited green space characterize the physical environment of cities. Transportation systems oriented toward motor vehicles reduce physical activity while increasing pollution exposure and injury risk. Social structures of urban areas with anonymity and heterogeneity contribute to loneliness and mental health disorders. Socioeconomic inequality produces a systematic health gradient disadvantaging poor urban residents. Food systems dominated by processed products drive obesity and metabolic disease epidemics. Governance fragmentation prevents coordinated policy responses across housing, transport, environment, and health sectors. This qualitative literature study examines mechanisms linking urban living characteristics to population health outcomes. Analysis reveals that health supportive urban design requires integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.
Referensi
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