Social Exclusion and Marginalization of Vulnerable Groups in Social Structures

Abstrak

This study examines social exclusion and marginalization experienced by vulnerable groups in society through a qualitative literature approach. The discussion focuses on how factors such as poverty, disability, age, and social identity shape unequal access to social, economic, and political participation. The findings indicate that exclusion is not a singular condition but a structured process formed by interconnected social and institutional arrangements. Marginalization limits opportunities for vulnerable groups to engage fully in education, employment, healthcare, and decision making processes. These limitations contribute to persistent inequality and reinforce social distance between dominant and disadvantaged groups. The study also highlights that social perceptions and structural arrangements jointly sustain patterns of exclusion over time. By synthesizing existing scholarly perspectives, this research provides a systematic understanding of how exclusion operates and affects participation. The study offers insights for developing more inclusive social arrangements that enable broader participation across different groups in society.