Economic Factors as Determinants of Women Access to Reproductive Health Services
Keywords:
reproductive health, economic exclusion, poverty, health financing, access barrierAbstract
This study examines how economic factors determine women access to reproductive health services. Poverty creates barriers through direct costs like service fees and medicine purchases as well as indirect costs including transportation and foregone daily wages. Out of pocket payment systems discriminate against poor households who lack savings for unexpected health expenses. Economic exclusion accumulates across women life cycles from adolescence to adulthood and transmits poverty across generations through maternal deaths and disabilities. Employment status, geographic residence, and health insurance coverage moderate the influence of economic factors on service access. Fee removal policies alone insufficiently reach the poorest groups because they still face indirect cost barriers. Conditional cash transfer programs compensating for transportation costs and lost wages prove more effective but require substantial administrative capacity and budgets. Corruption through informal payments in public health facilities worsens economic exclusion and requires strong political commitment with participatory oversight mechanisms. Policy makers must design reproductive health financing systems that explicitly consider poor groups ability to pay.
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