The Indonesian Criminal Justice System in Optimising the Recovery of State Assets: Structural Obstacles and the Urgency of Adopting Non-Conviction-Based Asset Forfeiture
Keywords:
State Asset Recovery, Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture, Structural Constraints, Asset Forfeiture Without Criminal Conviction, Criminal Procedure Law ReformAbstract
This research analyzes the structural constraints within the Indonesian criminal justice system that hinder the optimization of state asset recovery and offers solutions through the adoption of the Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture doctrine. The research findings indicate that the philosophical limitations of the KUHAP, disharmony in statutory regulations, conflicts with bankruptcy law, the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, and the excessive protection of third parties systematically obstruct the forfeiture of assets derived from corruption. Although Indonesia has international obligations through the UNCAC and FATF, the Asset Forfeiture Bill remains stalled in the DPR. Amidst this deadlock, law enforcement officials have pursued alternative efforts through civil lawsuits, PERMA No. 1 of 2013, and the strengthening of the Prosecutor's Office's execution seizure authority; however, all these efforts remain limited in scope. This research recommends the ratification of the Asset Forfeiture Bill, equipped with a management mechanism for seized assets and the establishment of an Asset Recovery Center as a fundamental reform step.
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