LEGAL PROTECTION OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS THROUGH DIVERSION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SOCIAL REINTEGRATION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Abstract

This research discusses the legal protection of children as perpetrators of crime in the criminal justice system based on normative juridical approaches and empirical literature. It examines national legal arrangements, the use of diversion, correctional guidance, and social reintegration processes for post-criminal children. The results show Indonesian law requires special treatment and alternative resolution to prevent repetition of criminal acts and protect the children’s rights and future. However, challenges such as stigma, unprepared human resources, limited facilities, and low public awareness hinder fair implementation. Cross-sector collaboration, including capacity building for officials, legal aid, and family and community involvement, is essential for effective reintegration. Child protection in the criminal justice system is not only a legal issue but also a long-term social investment that shapes the children. This study recommends the need for increased collaboration, regulatory oversight, and the development of innovative programs as a form of commitment from the state and all elements of society to ensure that children's rights are maintained until after the criminal period. Thus, the enforcement of justice for juvenile offenders is not only a normative slogan but is manifested in everyday reality.