The Digital Public Sphere Under Threat of Disinformation a Literature Study on Hoax Dissemination Dynamic and Vulnerability Factors
Kata Kunci:
hoaxes, disinformation, digital public sphere, social media, cognitive bias, media literacy, platform governanceAbstrak
This literature study examines the mechanics of hoaxes and disinformation within the digital public sphere, highlighting their design to exploit emotional triggers and mimic credible sources. Advancements in technology, such as deepfakes and sophisticated bot networks, have amplified the reach of false narratives. Furthermore, platform algorithms inadvertently prioritize sensationalist content to maximize engagement, allowing misinformation to outpace factual corrections within closed messaging groups. The research identifies significant psychological vulnerabilities, noting that cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and the illusory truth effect make individuals susceptible to repeated falsehoods. Vulnerability is exacerbated by multidimensional factors, including low media literacy, institutional distrust, and hyper-partisan identities. The study concludes that no single remedy exists. Effectively countering disinformation requires a comprehensive, multidimensional strategy. This includes robust platform regulation, enhanced media literacy education, the development of advanced verification tools, and a fundamental shift in digital culture. Ultimately, this analysis provides a theoretical framework for understanding disinformation dynamics and offers practical insights for developing systemic counter-strategies.
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