Legal Protection for Patients as Consumers of Healthcare Services: The System of Hospital Liability for Damages Resulting from Medical Treatment
Kata Kunci:
hospital liability, medical actions, patient protection, vicarious liability, malpracticeAbstrak
This research aims to analyze the liability of hospitals for losses resulting from medical actions performed by doctors within the perspectives of health law, civil law, and consumer protection. The research method used is normative legal research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The analyzed legal materials include Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, the Indonesian Civil Code, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The results of the research show that hospital liability originates from three complementary legal regimes. Health regulation through Article 193 of the Health Law affirms the hospital's institutional responsibility for the negligence of medical personnel. Civil law through Articles 1365 to 1367 of Indonesian Civil Code provides the basis for compensation regarding unlawful acts, negligence, and the principle of vicarious liability. The Consumer Protection Law strengthens the patient's position as a consumer with rights to service safety, correct information, and compensation with a reversed burden of proof. This research concludes that the integration of these three legal regimes forms a multidimensional liability framework, encompassing civil, institutional-administrative, and consumer aspects. Consequently, hospitals are obliged to develop strict and accountable internal management systems, the government needs to strengthen supervision, and the public needs to increase awareness of their rights as patients.
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