Law Enforcement Strategies and Protection of Coastal States' Rights in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone from the Perspective of Unclos 1982
Kata Kunci:
Exclusive Economic Zone, law enforcement, boundary violations, UNCLOS 1982, rights protection, maritime surveillance, IndonesiaAbstrak
This study explores the legal framework, consequences of violations, and mechanisms for rights protection and dispute resolution in Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), utilizing a normative and comparative approach based on UNCLOS 1982 and Law No. 5 of 1983. Focusing on how Indonesia strengthens EEZ management, the research highlights the importance of adaptive regulations, strong law enforcement, and active maritime diplomacy. Violations—such as illegal fishing and unauthorized resource exploitation—cause significant economic losses, environmental harm, and diminish state authority. Through qualitative literature analysis, it is found that effective responses depend on updated legal instruments, integration of surveillance technology, and robust international cooperation. Key factors for improved EEZ governance include bilateral and multilateral partnerships, law enforcement capacity building, and community involvement. Ensuring sustainable marine ecosystems requires synergy between prevention, enforcement, and legal education. The study recommends ongoing innovation in surveillance, regulatory updates, and enhanced international collaboration for equitable and sustainable EEZ management.
Referensi
Artistia, T. J., Hermono, B., & Puspoayu, E. S. 2020. Penyelesaian Sengketa Tindakan Penyitaan Kapal Tanker Stena Impero Berbendera Inggris oleh Iran di Selat Hormuz menurut Hukum Internasional. Novum: Jurnal Hukum, 7(1), 189-203.
Boer, M. 2001. Hukum Internasional Pengertian Peranan dan Fungsi dalam Era Dinamika Global. Jakarta: PT Alumni.
Chang, Y. C. 2021. The Use of Force During Law Enforcement in Disputed Maritime Areas. Marine Policy, 124, 104382.
Diantha, I. Made Pasek. 2002. Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia: Berdasarkan Konvensi Hukum Laut PBB 1982. Mandar Maju.
Enriquez, A. 2021. The Philippines-Indonesia Maritime Border Agreement: Strengthening Relations towards Regional Stability in Southeast Asia. Sea Power Soundings Papers, 43, 1-20.
Friedman, S. 2020. The Concept of Entitlement to an Exclusive Economic Zone as Reflected in International Judicial Decisions. Israel Law Review, 53(1), 101-133.
Furuya, K. 2020. Law Enforcement over Fishery Activities in Contested EEZs. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 17(4), 439-454.
Hadju, Z. A. A. 2021. Analisis UNCLOS 1982 Terkait Permasalahan Yurisdiksi Negara dan Penegakan Hukum atas Kapal Berbendera Negara Asing. Sasi, 27(1), 12-23.
Harliza, E. R., & Michael, T. 2020. Penegakan Hukum Illegal Fishing. Mimbar Keadilan, 13(1), 120-130.
Hossain, M. B., & Mostafa, M. M. 2010. Has the Development of Eez Achieved its Aims? Khulna University Studies, 10(1&2), 217-222.
Kurosaki, M. 2022. In Quest of the Optimal Legal Framework for Maritime Law Enforcement against Foreign State Vessels in the Territorial Sea. in book: Peaceful Maritime Engagement in East Asia and the Pacific Region (pp.233-238) DOI:10.1163/9789004518629_016
Markiewicz-Stanny, J., & Pyć, D. 2022. Protection of the Global Ocean Rights. Marine Policy, 148.
Maslo, K. H. 2022. The Criminal Jurisdiction of a Coastal State in Territorial Seawaters over Foreign-Flagged Ships in the Light of International Law. Probacja, 1, 83-108.
Ramasari, R. D., Aprinisa, A., & Ainita, O. 2020. Sovereign Rights, Jurisdictional Obligations and Other Rights in Exclusive Economic Zone. Progressive Law Review, 2(02), 11-19.
Setiawan, A. B., & Sutrisno, A. 2023. Peran Hukum Internasional dalam Memerangi Penangkapan Illegal Fishing (Studi Kasus China’s Illegal Fishing in the Galapagos Islands). Journal Evidence Of Law, 2(1), 107-122.
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. 2010. Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
Starman, A. B. 2013. The Case Study as a Type of Qualitative Research. Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies/Sodobna Pedagogika, 64(1), 28-43.
Stefanus, A. A., & Vervaele, J. A. 2021. Fishy Business: Regulatory and Enforcement Challenges of Transnational Organised IUU Fishing Crimes. Trends in Organized Crime, 24(4), 581-604.
Strating, R. 2019. Maritime Disputes, Sovereignty and the Rules‐Based Order in East Asia. Australian Journal of Politics & History, 65(3), 449-465.
Sugihartono, J. D. 2018. Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif (ZEE) dalam Poros Maritim dan Tol Laut. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Maritim, 18(1), 1-16.
Wiliawati, Y., Danial, D., & Muin, F. 2022. Eksistensi UNCLOS 1982 dalam Upaya Penegakan Hukum Laut Internasional di Perairan Negara Pantai. Sultan Jurisprudence: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, 2(2), 286-298.
Woodill, A. J., Kavanaugh, M., Harte, M., & Watson, J. R. 2021. Ocean seascapes predict distant‐water fishing vessel incursions into exclusive economic zones. Fish and Fisheries, 22(5), 899-910.
